Mechanical Engineering • 4th SemesterCore / Standard CurriculumChange Track

Mechanical Engineering — 4th Semester Syllabus

Mechanical Engineering

Credits Allocation Table (L-T-P Structure)

Course Title	Code	L	T	P	Credits
Applied Thermodynamics	102401	3	1	0	4
Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines	102402	3	1	0	4
Strength of Material	102403	3	1	0	4
Kinematics of Machine	102404	3	0	0	3
Project Management	102405	3	0	0	3
NPTEL-I (Open course)	102406	-	-	-	3
Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines Lab	102402P	0	0	2	1
Strength of Material Lab	102403P	0	0	2	1
Kinematics of Machine Lab	102404P	0	0	2	1
TOTAL	-	-	-	-	24

Applied Thermodynamics

102401

Theory Course • 6 Units

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Unit 1.0

Introduction to solid, liquid and gaseous fuels
Stoichiometry
Exhaust gas analysis
First law analysis of combustion reactions
Heat calculations using enthalpy tables
Adiabatic flame temperature
Chemical equilibrium and equilibrium composition calculations using free energy

Unit 2.0

Thermodynamic cycles: Air standard Otto, Diesel and Dual Cycles
Air standard Brayton cycle
Effect of reheat, regeneration and intercooling
Combined gas and vapor power cycles
Vapor power cycles Rankine cycle with superheat, reheat and regeneration
Exergy analysis
Supercritical and ultra-super-critical Rankine cycle
Gas power cycles

Unit 3.0

Refrigeration System: Simple Vapor compression refrigeration cycle and Vapor Absorption Cycle
Refrigerants and their properties

Unit 4.0

Reciprocating compressors
Staging of reciprocating compressors
Optimal stage pressure ratio
Effect of intercooling
Minimum work for multistage reciprocating compressors

Unit 5.0

Analysis of steam turbines
Velocity and pressure compounding of steam turbines

Unit 6.0

Basics of compressible flow
Stagnation properties
Isentropic flow of a perfect gas through a nozzle
Choked flow
Subsonic and supersonic flows
Normal shocks
Use of ideal gas tables for isentropic flow and normal shock flow
Flow of steam and refrigerant through nozzle
Super saturation compressible flow in diffusers
Efficiency of nozzle and diffuser

Fluid Mechanics & Hydraulic Machines

102402

Theory Course • 6 Units

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Unit 1.0: Properties of Fluid

Definition of fluid
Newton's law of viscosity
Units and dimensions
Physical properties of fluids
Control volume
Continuity equation and momentum equation
Incompressible flow
Bernoulli's equation and its applications

Unit 2.0: Dimensional Analysis

Dimensionally homogeneous equations
Buckingham Pi Theorem
Calculation of dimensionless parameters
Similitude and complete similarity
Model scales
Basic boundary layer theory and analysis

Unit 3.0: Fluid Kinematics

Different approaches
Reynolds transport theorem
Flow visualization
Types of flow
Strain rate, stream line, streak line, path lines and stream tubes
Continuity equation in Cartesian coordinates in 3D forms
Velocity and acceleration of fluid particles
Velocity potential function and stream function

Unit 4.0: Momentum Equation

Momentum equation
Nervier Stoke equation
Development of Euler's equation
Bernoulli's equation and application
Steady and unsteady flow through orifice
Orifice placed in pipe
Venturimeter
Flow over triangular and rectangular notches
Pitot tube

Unit 5.0: Laminar and Turbulent Flow

Viscous/Laminar flow
Plane Poiseuille flow and Coutte flow
Laminar flow through circular pipes
Loss of head and power absorbed in viscous flow
Turbulent flow - Reynolds experiment
Frictional losses in pipe flow
Shear stress in turbulent flow
Major and minor losses (Darcy's and Chezy's equation)
Flow through siphon pipes
Branching pipes and equivalent pipe

Unit 6.0: Rotodynamic Machines & Hydraulic Turbines

Euler's equation
Theory of Rotodynamic machines
Various efficiencies
Velocity components at entry and exit of the rotor
Velocity triangles
Centrifugal pumps - working principle, work done by the impeller and performance curves
Cavitation in pumps
Reciprocating pump working principle
Classification of water turbines
Heads and efficiencies
Velocity triangles
Axial, radial and mixed flow turbines
Pelton wheel, Francis turbine and Kaplan turbines - working and design principles

Strength of Materials

102403

Theory Course • 6 Units

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Unit 1.0

Deformation in solids
Hooke's law
Stress and strain
Tension, compression and shear stresses
Elastic constants and their relations
Volumetric, linear and shear strains
Principal stresses and principal planes
Mohr's circle
Theories of failure

Unit 2.0

Beams and types transverse loading on beams
Shear force and bend moment diagrams
Types of beam supports
Simply supported and over-hanging beams
Cantilevers

Unit 3.0

Theory of bending of beams
Bending stress distribution and neutral axis
Shear stress distribution
Point and distributed loads

Unit 4.0

Moment of inertia about an axis and polar moment of inertia
Deflection of a beam using double integration method
Computation of slopes and deflection in beams
Maxwell's reciprocal theorems

Unit 5.0

Torsion
Stresses and deformation in circular and hollow shafts
Stepped shafts
Deflection of shafts fixed at both ends
Stresses and deflection of helical springs

Unit 6.0

Axial and hoop stresses in cylinders subjected to internal pressure
Deformation of thick and thin cylinders
Deformation in spherical shells subjected to internal pressure

Kinematics of Machine

102404

Theory Course • 6 Units

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Unit 1.0: Mechanisms

Definition and types of joints
Lower and higher pairs
Classification of mechanisms based on function and constraints
Common mechanisms such as slider crank and 4-bar mechanisms and their inversions
Quick return mechanism
Straight line generators
Rocker mechanisms
Universal joints
Steering mechanisms, etc.
Basic Kinematic Concepts and Definitions
Degree of freedom and Grübler's formula
Grashof's rule and rotatability limits
Mechanical advantage

Unit 2.0: Geometric Design of Mechanisms

Kinematic Analysis of Simple Mechanisms Displacement
Velocity, and acceleration analysis
Velocity analysis using instantaneous centers
Position, velocity and acceleration analysis using loop closure equations
Coincident points
Coriolis component of acceleration

Unit 3.0: Belt, Rope and Chain drives & Brakes

Types of belt drives
Velocity ratio, Slip, Creep, Length of belt
Power transmitted
Ratio of tensions
Angle of contact
Centrifugal tension, Maximum tension, Initial tension
V belt drive, Ratio of Tensions in V belt and Rope drives
Kinematics of chain drive
Classifications of chains, Chain length
Types of brakes, Block brake, Band brake, Band and Block brake
Internal expanding brake
Condition of self-locking
Power transmitted and Heat generated

Unit 4.0: Gears & Gear Train

Gear terminology
Involute and Cycloidal gear profiles
Gear parameters
Fundamental law of gearing and conjugate action
Spur gear contact ratio and interference/undercutting
Analysis of simple, compound, reverted and epicyclic gear train with problems

Unit 5.0: Balancing of rotating masses

Balancing of rotating masses in the same plane by a single revolving mass
Balancing of several rotating masses in the same plane
Balancing of several rotating masses in different planes by two revolving masses in suitable planes

Unit 6.0: Governors

Watt, Porter, Proel & Hartnell Governors
Effect of friction
Controlling force
Governor effort and power
Sensitivity and isochronisms

Project Management

102405

Theory Course • 6 Units

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Unit 1.0

Basics of project Management: concept
Project Environment
Types of Projects
Project life Cycle
Project proposals
Monitoring project program

Unit 2.0

Project appraisal and project selection
Identification of investment opportunities
Source of new project ideas
Preliminary screening of projects
Feasibility studies and reports

Unit 3.0

Market feasibility: Market survey
Categories of Market survey
Steps involved in conducting market survey
Demand forecasting techniques
Sales projections

Unit 4.0

Technical feasibility: Production technology
Materials and inputs
Plant capacity
Site selection
Plant layout
Site preparation
Managerial Feasibility
Project organization and responsibilities
Development of program evaluation & Review Technique (PERT)
Benefits of PERT

Unit 5.0

Capital Investment Financial Analysis: capital Expenditure criteria and Investment strategies
Appraisal Techniques (Non DCF and DCF)
Risk analysis
Cost of project and means of financing
Estimation of cash flows
Estimation of Capital costs and operating costs
Forecasting income
Preparation of detailed financial projections
Breakeven point

Unit 6.0

Project Management: Project implementation and review
Project planning
Project control
Human aspects of project management
Prerequisites for successful project implementation
Project review

NPTEL-I (Open Course)

102406

Theory Course • Course Details

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Fluid Mechanics & Hydraulic Machines Lab

102402P

Laboratory Subject • 1 Units

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Topics Part 1

Determination of density & viscosity of oil.
To determine the meta-centric height of a floating body.
Measurement of Coefficient of Discharge of given Orifice and Venturimeter
To determine the coefficient of discharge of Notch (V and Rectangular types)
To determine the friction factor for the pipes.
To verify the Bernoulli's Theorem.
To find critical Reynolds number for a pipe flow.
To determine the minor losses due to sudden enlargement, sudden contraction and bends.
To show the velocity and pressure variation with radius in a free and forced vortex.
Performance on hydraulic turbines: a. Pelton wheel b. Francis turbine c. Kaplan turbine.
Performance on hydraulic pumps: a. Single stage and multi stage centrifugal pumps. b. Reciprocating pump. c. Performance test of a two stage reciprocating air compressor. d. Performance test on an air blower.

Prescribed Experiments

Determination of density & viscosity of oil.
To determine the meta-centric height of a floating body.
Measurement of Coefficient of Discharge of given Orifice and Venturimeter
To determine the coefficient of discharge of Notch (V and Rectangular types)
To determine the friction factor for the pipes.
To verify the Bernoulli's Theorem.
To find critical Reynolds number for a pipe flow.
To determine the minor losses due to sudden enlargement, sudden contraction and bends.
To show the velocity and pressure variation with radius in a free and forced vortex.
Performance on hydraulic turbines: a. Pelton wheel b. Francis turbine c. Kaplan turbine.
Performance on hydraulic pumps: a. Single stage and multi stage centrifugal pumps. b. Reciprocating pump. c. Performance test of a two stage reciprocating air compressor. d. Performance test on an air blower.

Strength of Materials Lab

102403P

Laboratory Subject • 1 Units

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Topics Part 1

Hooke's Law.
Hardness Test: Rockwell, Brinell, Vicker.
Izod & Charpy Impact Test.
Bending Test.
Torsion Test.
Shear test.
Compressive strength test.
Fatigue Test.
Verification of Maxwell's reciprocal theorem.
Continuous beam deflection test.
Strain Measurement.

Prescribed Experiments

Hooke's Law.
Hardness Test: Rockwell, Brinell, Vicker.
Izod & Charpy Impact Test.
Bending Test.
Torsion Test.
Shear test.
Compressive strength test.
Fatigue Test.
Verification of Maxwell's reciprocal theorem.
Continuous beam deflection test.
Strain Measurement.

Kinematics of Machine Lab

102404P

Laboratory Subject • 1 Units

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Topics Part 1

To study various types of Links, Pairs, Chain and Mechanism.
To study inversion of Four Bar Mechanism.
To plot slider displacement, velocity and acceleration against crank rotation for single slider crank mechanism.
To find coefficient of friction between belt and pulley.
To generate spur gear involutes tooth profile using simulated gear shaping process.
To study various types of gears- Helical, cross helical worm and bevel gear.
Estimation of Velocity ratios of simple, compound, epicyclic and differential gear trains.
To fabricate the innovative models based on inversions, Gear trains, etc.
To perform the experiment of Balancing of rotating parts and find the unbalanced couple and forces.
To Perform Experiment on Watt, Porter, Proell and Hartnell Governors and prepare Performance Characteristic Curves also analyze Stability & Sensitivity.

Prescribed Experiments

To study various types of Links, Pairs, Chain and Mechanism.
To study inversion of Four Bar Mechanism.
To plot slider displacement, velocity and acceleration against crank rotation for single slider crank mechanism.
To find coefficient of friction between belt and pulley.
To generate spur gear involutes tooth profile using simulated gear shaping process.
To study various types of gears- Helical, cross helical worm and bevel gear.
Estimation of Velocity ratios of simple, compound, epicyclic and differential gear trains.
To fabricate the innovative models based on inversions, Gear trains, etc.
To perform the experiment of Balancing of rotating parts and find the unbalanced couple and forces.
To Perform Experiment on Watt, Porter, Proell and Hartnell Governors and prepare Performance Characteristic Curves also analyze Stability & Sensitivity.